规章制度
在大多数国家/地区中,动力伞驾驶员均遵循简单的规则进行操作,从而免除了飞行员和装备的认证要求。但是,这些法律限制了其飞行的范围-说明飞行员要避开拥挤的区域和较大的机场,以很大程度地降低对他人或飞机的风险。美国飞行员根据联邦航空管理局法规第103部分进行操作。
社团协会
在美国,这项运动主要由美国动力滑翔伞协会(USPPA)**[注1],该协会也享有一项豁免,允许由经过适当认证的双人教练进行两次训练。美国超轻型飞机协会(USUA)和航空运动连接公司(ASC)也提供了一些支持。
美国的讲师主要由美国动力滑翔伞协会(USPPA)**和认证。其他组织包括动力滑翔伞教练专业协会(***PI)。
在英国,这项运动由英国滑翔伞和滑翔伞协会**,而非正式地由Paramotor俱乐部**。[6]
三轮车和动力降落伞
主条目:动力降落伞
吐鲁番油门动力伞
Noise
Paramotor noise relative to an observer
depends on distance, loudness, frequency and timbre of the power unit. Most
noise comes from the propeller and slow rpm is perceived as the quietest.
Pilots mitigate their sound impact by leaving a noise-sensitive area at low
power, keeping the farthest practical distance away, and reducing time spent
near the area.
License and training
Neither a license nor specific training is
required in the U.S., U.K. or many other countries. Where there is no specific
regulation (e.g. Mexico), paramotor flying is tolerated provided the pilots
cooperate with local officials when appropriate.[citation needed] In countries
where specific regulation exists, such as Canada, France, Italy, and South
Africa, pilots must be trained, both in flying theory and practice, by licensed
instructors. Some countries that require formal certification frequently do so
through non-government ultralight aviation organizations.
Regardless of regulations, powered
paragliding can be dangerous when practiced without proper training.
南昌学习动力伞在什么地方
动力滑翔伞可用作在困难地形中的陆地车辆的替代品。在春季某些地区,当海洋或湖泊仍然结冰,但冰已经开始融化时,水将无法行走,滑行或行驶,也无法乘船航行。在这种情况下,水上直升机,气垫船旅行方式。此外,如果像沼泽地一样,地形被小而浅的湖泊和海湾所破坏,即使在良好的条件下也可能难以导航。观察和计数受保护物种,例如在这种情况下,Saimaa环型密封已经使用动力滑翔伞进行了。
已证明的另一种用途是驯鹿放牧。尽管冻原是开阔的地形,但没有道路,地形仍然不平坦。可以使用动力降落伞代替雪地摩托或摩托车。
安全法规
研究估计,这项活动(每项活动)比骑摩托车稍微安全一些,并且比坐汽车更危险。[3]严重伤害的**可能原因是身体与旋转的螺旋桨接触。下一个**可能造成伤害的原因是飞入降落区以外的地方。[4]一些飞行员携带备用降落伞,设计用于在15英尺(50英尺)的范围内打开。
这些飞机缺乏既定的设计标准,导致英国查处在2007年得出结论:“只有在确定了实际吊运质量的单个线束/机翼组合的精确储备系数时,才采用适合于机动的负荷系数。进行,这些飞机是否可以被认为在结构上安全” [5]
In many countries, including the United
States, powered paragliding is minimally regulated and requires no licence. The
ability to fly both low and slow safely, the 'open' feel, the minimal equipment
and maintenance costs, and the portability are claimed to be this type of
flying's greatest merits.[1]
Powered paragliders usually fly between 15
to 50 mph (24 to 80 km/h) at altitudes from 'foot-dragging on the water' up
about to 18,000 ft (5,500 m) or more with certain permission although most
flying is done under 500 ft (150 m) AGL.[2] Due to the paramotor's slow forward
speed and nature of a soft wing, it is not safe in high winds, turbulence, or
intense thermal activity.
The pilot controls thrust via a hand-held
throttle and steers using the wings brake toggles or stabilo steering, weight
shifting or a combination of the three. It is identical to Paragliding except
it is powered so the use of an elevation or thermals to ascend are not
required. Paramotor wings have evolved specifically for use with power
propulsion, as compared with free flight 'paraglider' wings. Such wings are
typically designed for a higher speed and may incorporate a "reflex"
profile to aid stability in pitch, an idea taken from hang gliders of the
1980s. Paramotor wings typically use trimmers to adjust the Angle of Attack of
the wing to either slow it down or speed it up in flight. Trimmed out allows
the pilot to achieve maximum speed, while trimmed in allows for slower speeds
optimized for launching and landing.
南京框架动力伞安全系数
吐鲁番油门动力伞
Safety and regulations
Research estimates that the activity is
slightly safer (per event) than riding motorcycles and more dangerous than
riding in cars.[3] The most likely cause of serious injury is body contact with
a spinning propeller. The next most likely cause of injury is flying into
something other than the landing zone.[4] Some pilots carry a reserve parachute
designed to open in as little as 50 ft (15 m).
The lack of established design criteria for
these aircraft led the British Air Accidents Investigation Branch to conclude
in 2007 that "Only when precise reserve factors have been established for
individual harness/wing combinations carrying realistic suspended masses, at
load factors appropriate to the maneuvers to be carried out, can these aircraft
be considered to be structurally safe"[5]
吐鲁番油门动力伞
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